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Lanark (; (スコットランド・ゲール語:Lannraig),〔(Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland )〕 )〔(Scots Language Centre: Scottish Place Names in Scots )〕 is a small town in the central belt of Scotland. The name is believed to come from the Cumbric ''Lanerc'' meaning "clear space, glade".〔Scottish place names, W. F. H. Nicolaisen, p.164, 172, London, 1976〕 Lanark is traditionally the county town of Lanarkshire, though there are several larger towns in the county. Lanark railway station and coach station have frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town. == History == Lanark has served as an important market town since medieval times, and King David I made it a Royal Burgh in 1140, giving it certain mercantile privileges relating to government and taxation. King David I realised that greater prosperity could result from encouraging trade. He decided to create a chain of new towns across Scotland. These would be centres of Norman civilisation in a largely Celtic country, and would be established in such a way as to encourage the development of trade within their area. These new towns were to be known as Burghs. Bastides were established in France for much the same reason. When a site had been selected for a new town the King’s surveyors would lay out an area for the town’s market. Each merchant who came to the town was granted a plot of land (usually rent free for the first few years) bordering on the marketplace. These plots were known as feus or rigs. Each feu in a burgh was the same size, though the size varied between burghs. In Forres in the north of Scotland each feu was wide and deep. The layout of the feus in Lanark can still be easily seen between the north side of Lanark High Street (the former market place) and North Vennel, a lane which runs behind the feus. A motte and bailey castle was also constructed at the bottom of Castlegate. Lanark had four town gates, West Port, East port, Wellgate and Castlegate. West Port gate was demolished in the 1770s.〔Rhona Wilson. ''Old Lanark'', Stenlake Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1840330198〕 The first aviation meeting to be held in Scotland was held at Lanark Racecourse between 6 and 13 August 1910. This location was chosen because the land was relatively flat, the racecourse already had facilities for a paying public, there were stables to act as hangars for the aeroplanes and the racecourse was accessible by both road and by rail, especially as The Caledonian Railway Company were prepared to construct a new station near the main entrance. The aeroplanes were transported to the meeting by rail, as aviation technology at the time was not advanced enough to safely fly there. The Lanark meeting took place shortly after a similar event in Bournemouth at which Charles Rolls lost his life. Influenced by this, it was decided that no aircraft would fly closer than away from the spectators. For the first time, aeroplanes were accurately timed over a straight measured distance, allowing the first world records to be set, covering flights over . The meeting was described by ''The Aero'' magazine as 'the most successful yet held in Britain'.〔Arthur W.J.G. Ord-Hume. ''Scotland's Aviation History'', Stenlake Publishing, 2014. ISBN 9781840336535〕 A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Winston Barracks in 1930.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Winston Barracks, Officers' Mess: Listed Building Report )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lanark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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